Diagnóstico, incidencia y severidad de enfermedades fungosas en ecotipos regionales de Phaseolus Vulgaris l. en el fundo Aucaloma de la UNSM – T

Abstract

This research was conducted at the farm "Aucaloma" from the National University of San Martín - T, Morales District located in the province of San Martin, San Martin department, with a geographical location of 76 ° 27 '55 "W, 6 ° 29 '40 "south latitude and 295 msnmm, with the aim of" Diagnose and assess the incidence and severity of fungal diseases in Phaseolus vulgaris regional ecotypes "; for which I had to isolate, purify and characterize fungi causing diseases in beans ecotypes regional study (Huasca beans, Pajatino, Allpa, Awisho, yellow Panamito T.), likewise the incidence and severity of assessed fungal diseases in each ecotype, and grain yield (kg / ha) were determined. The following diseases, fungal damping, wilting, web blight, angular spots, angular leaf spot gray, lunar spot were identified and anthracnose caused by the fungus Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Cercospora canescens, Pseudocercosporella albida, Curvularia lunata and Colletotrichum lindemutianum; well none of the beans ecotypes study show reaction to identified disease susceptibility; however Pajatino and Awisho were those with higher level of resistance (as multivariate analysis); reaching yields of 1268 and 919 kg / ha; associated fungal pathogens were also identified other: Nigrospora sphaerica, Botrytis sp, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Cercospora vanderysti associated, Cercospora canescens, and Cercospora canescens, respectively. The highest grain yield under the conditions of study, obtained Huasca bean ecotype with an average of 1411 kg / ha. Keywords: bean common, diagnosis, incidence, severity, ecotypes, pathogenic fungi.

Con el objetivo de “Diagnosticar y evaluar la incidencia y severidad de enfermedades fungosas en ecotipos regionales de Phaseolus vulgaris L.”. se realizó en el fundo “Aucaloma” de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín – T, ubicado en el distrito Morales, provincia y departamento de San Martín, con ubicación geográfica de 76º 27’ 55” de longitud oeste, 6º 29’ 40” de latitud sur y altitud de 295 m.s.n.m.m., para lo cual se tuvo que aislar, purificar y caracterizar los hongos que causaron enfermedades en los ecotipos de frijoles regionales en estudio ( Huasca poroto, Pajatino, Allpa, Awisho, Panamito amarillo T.), así mismo se evaluó la incidencia y severidad de las enfermedades fungosas en cada ecotipo, y se determinaron los rendimientos de grano (kg/ha). Se identificaron las siguientes enfermedades, chupadera fungosa, marchitez, mustia hilachosa, manchas angulares, mancha angular gris, mancha lunar y antracnosis causado por los hongos Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Cercospora canescense, Pseudocercosporella albida, Cuvularia lunata y Colletotrichum lindemutianum respectivamente, Las enfermedades que afectaron a la mayoria de los ecotipos en estudio con mayor incidencia hasta 100 % y severidad de grado 0 a , fueron: pudrición de raiz (Fusarium solani y Sclerotium rolfsii), Mustia hilachosa (Rhizoctonia solani) y mancha angular (Cercospora canescens). Según la escala para evaluar resistencia a enfermedades bacterianas y fungosas propuesta Van Shoonhoven y Pastor – Corrales (1991) afirmamos que frijol allpa y panamito amarillo fueron resistente a Sclerotium rolfsii; el frijol allpa fue resistente Cercospora canescens; el frijol pajatino y panamito amarillo fueron resistente Pseudocercospora albida; el frijol huasca poroto fue resistente a Curvularia lunata, y todas ecotipos estudiados fueron susceptibles a Rhizoctonia solani. El mayor rendimiento de grano lo obtuvieron los ecotipo Huasca poroto, Pajtino o vaca paleta y Allpa con promedio de 1 411 kg/ha, 1268 kg/ha y 1241 Kg/ha bajo las condiciones estudiadas. Palabras claves: Frijol común, diagnóstico, incidencia, severidad, ecotipos, hongos patógenos. This research was conducted at the farm "Aucaloma" from the National University of San Martín - T, Morales District located in the province of San Martin, San Martin department, with a geographical location of 76 ° 27 '55 "W, 6 ° 29 '40 "south latitude and 295 msnmm, with the aim of" Diagnose and assess the incidence and severity of fungal diseases in Phaseolus vulgaris regional ecotypes "; for which I had to isolate, purify and characterize fungi causing diseases in beans ecotypes regional study (Huasca beans, Pajatino, Allpa, Awisho, yellow Panamito T.), likewise the incidence and severity of assessed fungal diseases in each ecotype, and grain yield (kg / ha) were determined. The following diseases, fungal damping, wilting, web blight, angular spots, angular leaf spot gray, lunar spot were identified and anthracnose caused by the fungus Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Cercospora canescens, Pseudocercosporella albida, Curvularia lunata and Colletotrichum lindemutianum; well none of the beans ecotypes study show reaction to identified disease susceptibility; however Pajatino and Awisho were those with higher level of resistance (as multivariate analysis); reaching yields of 1268 and 919 kg / ha; associated fungal pathogens were also identified other: Nigrospora sphaerica, Botrytis sp, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Cercospora vanderysti associated, Cercospora canescens, and Cercospora canescens, respectively. The highest grain yield under the conditions of study, obtained Huasca bean ecotype with an average of 1411 kg / ha. Keywords: bean common, diagnosis, incidence, severity, ecotypes, pathogenic fungi.