Entomofauna asociada al ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens L.) en épocas húmeda y seca

Abstract

Se realizó el estudio de entomofauna asociada al ají Tabasco en la cuenca del Alto Mayo en la Región San Martín del Perú, usando trampas de caída, luz, manual, red entomológica y recuperación, con el objetivo de conocer la entomofauna en temporada húmeda y seca. Los especímenes colectados, se contabilizo, montó y clasificó en la Universidad Nacional de San Martín –Tarapoto. Los resultados se obtuvieron a través de índices de diversidad alfa (índice de Margalef, Shannon – Weiner, inverso de Simpson, Pielou) y beta (índice de Jaccard). Resultando la entomofauna asociada al ají Tabasco de alta diversidad, muy equitativa, mediana a altamente equilibrada y de baja similitud entre puntos de muestreo y por ende de un alto recambio de especies (DMg = 7,12 a 18,44; H´=2,02 a 3,94 Nats/ind; D.inv =0,76 a 0,96; J´ = 0,50 a 0,89; Ij = 0,05 a 0,15) en 4 771 individuos pertenecientes a 390 morfotipos y 75 familias en 16 ordenes, de ellos parasitoides Conura sp (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE), Cotesia sp (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) Chrysocharis sp (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) parasitando Manduca sp y Ooencyrtus sp (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) parasitando áfidos. Los métodos de colecta de mayor captura, trampa de luz (44,41%) y de caída (36,05%); en temporadas, el 55,56% en seca y el 44,44% en húmeda; entre zonas, el 63% en Moyobamba y el 37% en Rioja; y entre fases, 52,27% en reproductiva y 47,73% en vegetativa. La entomofauna es diferente de cada punto de muestreo, por lo que la vigilancia debe ser personalizada.

The study of entomofauna associated to Tabasco chili was carried out in the Alto Mayo basin in the San Martin Region, Peru, using drop traps, light traps, manual trap, entomological net and parasitoids recovery, with the objective of determining the entomofauna in wet and dry season. The collected specimens were counted, mounted, and classified at the National University of San Martin-Tarapoto. The results were obtained through alpha (Margalef index, Shannon - Weiner, Simpson inverse, Pielou) and beta (Jaccard index) diversity indices. The results showed that the entomofauna associated with Tabasco chili is highly diverse, very equitable, medium to highly balanced, and with low similarity between sampling points and therefore a high species turnover (DMg = 7,12 a 18,44; H´=2,02 a 3,94 Nats/ind; D.inv =0,76 a 0,96; J´ = 0,50 a 0,89; Ij = 0,05 a 0,15) in 4 771 individuals belonging to 390 morphotypes and 75 families in 16 orders, including parasitoids like Conura sp (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE), Cotesia sp (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) Chrysocharis sp (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) parasitizing Manduca sp and Ooencyrtus sp (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) parasitizing aphids. From the results, the highest number of individuals caught was in light traps (44.41%) and drop traps (36.05%). Regarding the sampling periods, 55.56% were captured during the dry season (lower rainfall) and 44.44% in the wet season (higher rainfall) and between sampling areas, 63% was in Moyobamba and 37% in Rioja; the contrast of phases showed that 52.27% belong to the reproductive phase of the crop and 47.73% to the vegetative phase. The sampling points composed by season, zone and development phase of the crop, showed a high turnover so that monitoring should be customized in the Tabasco chili cultivars in the Alto Mayo Valley.